Vitamin B12 deficiency is one of the most common vitamin deficiencies. In other words, cobalamin plays a crucial role in the formation of red blood cells, DNA synthesis, and the proper functioning of the nervous system. It is not synthesized in the human body and must be obtained from food sources such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products.
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency occurs due to insufficient dietary intake or the body's inability to absorb it properly. High-risk groups for vitamin B12 deficiency include:
- Elderly individuals
- People who completely exclude animal products from their diet (vegetarians and vegans)
- Patients who have undergone intestinal resection
- Patients taking certain medications, such as metformin for diabetes or antacids for stomach conditions
Currently, there are dietary supplements and injections available for the treatment and prevention of vitamin B12 deficiency. However, taking these supplements without consulting a doctor is not recommended.
- The analysis is performed on a blood sample taken from a vein.
- The test should be taken after 8–14 hours of fasting. Water is allowed.
- After a light meal, the test can be taken no earlier than 4 hours later.
- Pale or yellowish skin
- Weakness and fatigue
- Anemia
- Tingling sensations in the hands and feet
- Lack of coordination
- Inflammation of the mouth and tongue
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness
- Impaired vision
- Depression
- Absence of menstruation
Causes of Increased Vitamin B12 Levels
- Chronic kidney failure
- Heart disease
- Diabetes
- Polycythemia
- Liver diseases
- Protein deficiency
- Acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia, monocytic leukemia
Causes of Decreased Vitamin B12 Levels
- Malabsorption disorders
- Vegetarian diet
- Alcoholism
- Chronic inflammatory diseases of the small intestine, gastritis
- Parasitic infections
- Addison-Biermer disease (pernicious anemia)
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Transcobalamin deficiency