In women, urinary tract infections are the most common cause of pain during urination (dysuria). In men, urethritis and prostate-related conditions are more often responsible for the discomfort.
The main factors that can cause dysuria include:
Bladder stones
Chlamydial infection
Cystitis
Genital herpes
Gonorrhea
Pyelonephritis
Kidney stones
Prostatitis
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Urethritis
Vaginitis
Fungal infection