Endocrinology is one of the most important fields of medical science. In recent decades, alongside the rapid development of various medical disciplines, endocrinology has significantly progressed and now holds a special place in both theoretical and practical medicine. Despite this, the endocrine system is closely connected to other organs and systems of the body, maintaining the functional integrity—or homeostasis—of the organism. It is particularly linked with the nervous system, as some nerve cells also secrete hormones. This connection has led to the emergence of a new field known as neuroendocrinology.
What is Endocrinology?
The term “endocrinology” is derived from Greek words: endo (inside), krino (secretion), and logos (study). Glands are categorized based on where their secretions are released:
Exocrine glands – Their secretions are discharged into external environments such as the mouth, stomach, or intestines.
Endocrine glands – Their secretions, called hormones, are released directly into the blood or lymphatic system.
The term hormone (from Greek “hormao” – to excite or stimulate) was first introduced by W. Bayliss and E. Starling in 1902. Hormones are highly specific secretions of endocrine glands that influence the entire body or individual organs.
Endocrinology studies the production of hormones and the diseases of the endocrine system. The organs of this system include the thyroid gland, pancreas, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands. It addresses conditions such as diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction, hormonal imbalances, osteoporosis, and other hormone-related disorders. Since hormone imbalances can cause numerous health issues, endocrinology plays a vital role in their diagnosis and treatment.
Endocrine disorders are typically diagnosed through blood tests and ultrasound examinations. Treatment may involve medications, lifestyle modifications, or in some cases, surgical interventions.
In addition, endocrine secretions are sometimes referred to as incretions, and the endocrine system's cells are present throughout the body. For example, gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin are secreted within the digestive tract. Hormone-secreting cells found outside the traditional endocrine glands belong to what is called the APUD system.
Endocrine Organs Include:
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Thyroid and parathyroid glands
Thymus
Adrenal glands
Pancreatic islets (Langerhans cells)
Gonads (ovaries in women, testes in men)
Placenta (during pregnancy)
Endocrinologist
An endocrinologist is a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders of the hormone-producing glands. They monitor hormone levels, identify imbalances, and develop personalized treatment plans. Endocrinologists manage conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, obesity, adrenal gland diseases, and more.
Visiting an endocrinologist is essential for early diagnosis and effective treatment of hormonal disorders. These professionals aim to protect patients’ overall health and restore hormonal balance through a tailored approach. If you are experiencing symptoms related to hormonal imbalance, you can consult with the expert endocrinologists at Sağlam Ailə for proper care and support.