The application of genetics as a scientific field to medicine began in the early 20th century with the rediscovery of Mendel’s laws. The development of medical genetics is also linked to the completion of the international research project “The Human Genome” in the early 21st century.
Hereditary diseases are conditions in humans caused by gene and chromosomal mutations. The primary factor in the development of hereditary diseases is mutations occurring in the genome. The following factors contribute to the emergence of mutations:
Physical factors (various types of ionizing radiation, ultraviolet rays)
Chemical factors (insecticides, herbicides, narcotics, alcohol, certain medications, etc.)
Biological factors (rubella virus, mumps, flu, measles, hepatitis, etc.)
Symptoms of hereditary diseases include:
Developmental delay and mental disorders
Reproductive dysfunction in both men and women
Stillbirths and the birth of children with congenital anomalies
Impaired physical development (disproportional development of hair, nails, skeletal bones; obesity; cachexia; increased or restricted joint mobility)
Visual and hearing impairments (blindness, deafness, hearing loss)
Hemolytic anemias
Intolerance to food substances and medications, digestive disorders (vomiting, diarrhea)
Hypersensitivity of muscles and skin