Each year, 2.1 million women worldwide are diagnosed with breast cancer. Although breast cancer primarily affects women, men can also develop it, though rarely.
The breasts are paired organs located symmetrically on the chest, typically between the 3rd and 6th ribs. They consist of several parts, and breast cancer can originate in any of these areas and spread throughout the tissue.
What causes breast cancer?
Sometimes, abnormal cells form in the body that differ from normal, healthy cells. While most of these are destroyed by the immune system, in some cases they grow uncontrollably and multiply rapidly. These are known as cancer cells. Cancer can develop in any organ and may spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body.
Breast tissue is particularly prone to such malignant growth. Knowing the risk factors for breast cancer is essential for prevention.
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Non-modifiable risk factors include:
Genetic mutations
Family history of breast cancer
Aging
Previous history of cancer
Radiation therapy before age 30
Late onset of menopause
Early onset of menstruation
These are factors beyond individual control.
Modifiable risk factors include:
Lack of physical activity
Overweight or obesity (especially after menopause)
Uncontrolled use of hormonal medications (e.g., oral contraceptives)
Alcohol consumption
Induced abortion
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial to protect your health and reduce risks.
Early Detection of Breast Cancer
Some signs and symptoms of breast cancer can be noticeable. However, it's important to remember that not every symptom indicates cancer. Still, if you observe any of the following, consult a doctor immediately:
Palpable lymph nodes
Visible redness or rash on the breast
Skin losing its elasticity
Nipple becoming rigid or sunken
Bloody discharge from the nipple
Mucous secretion
Unexplained enlargement of the breast
How to Protect Yourself
Quit smoking
Reduce alcohol intake
Avoid unnecessary use of oral contraceptives
Sadly, 15% of all female cancer deaths worldwide are due to breast cancer. In some cases, the early stages may be completely asymptomatic, and women may not feel any discomfort. This is why early diagnosis through regular check-ups is so important.
Take care of your health. Early detection saves lives.
Stay physically active
Get enough sleep
Eat a healthy diet
Maintain a healthy weight
Breastfeed your child if possible