Glaucoma, commonly known as "black water" among the public, is a chronic eye disease that results in damage to the optic nerve. This condition usually begins with increased intraocular pressure and, if not detected in time, can lead to irreversible vision loss. Glaucoma can progress silently over a long period. It ranks among the leading eye diseases causing vision impairment worldwide, making early diagnosis critically important.
What is Glaucoma and why does eye pressure increase?
Glaucoma, also known as “black water,” is a condition in which the normal circulation of fluid inside the eye is disrupted, leading to increased intraocular pressure that can damage the optic nerve. The main causes of increased eye pressure include:
- Inadequate drainage of eye fluid,
- Blockage in the eye’s drainage system,
- Genetic predisposition,
- Increased risk with age,
- Long-term use of steroid medications.
According to modern medical research, glaucoma can progress silently for a long time without noticeable symptoms. Therefore, regular eye examinations are essential for early detection and prevention of vision loss.
Symptoms and Indicators of Increased Eye Pressure
As intraocular pressure (IOP) rises, various symptoms may appear. The most common signs include:
- Gradual decrease in vision
- Dark areas at the edges of the visual field
- Seeing halos around lights at night
- Sensation of heaviness or pressure in the eye
- Headaches
- In cases of acute glaucoma, severe eye pain, nausea, and blurred vision may occur suddenly.
Normal intraocular pressure ranges between 10–21 mmHg. Elevated IOP increases the risk of glaucoma, making timely eye examinations essential.
How is Glaucoma Diagnosed?
Glaucoma can only be accurately diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation by an eye specialist. Diagnostic approaches include:
- Tonometry - measuring the intraocular pressure,
- Visual Field Test - assessing the condition of peripheral vision,
- Ophthalmoscopy - evaluating the structure of the optic nerve,
- Gonioscopy - examining the drainage angle of the eye,
- OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) - measuring the thickness of the nerve fibers.
These tests help detect glaucoma at an early stage and allow for the development of an appropriate treatment plan.
When to see a doctor for eye pressure?
You should consult a doctor immediately if you notice any of the following:
- Gradual decline in vision
- Seeing halos around lights
- Sudden eye pain or blurred vision
- Elevated intraocular pressure
- Family history of glaucoma
Regular eye check-ups are especially recommended for individuals over 40, as glaucoma is often detected in its late stages, and vision loss cannot be reversed. To protect your eye health, it is essential to undergo these important tests. You can visit Sağlam Ailə for a comprehensive eye examination.