İodine is a vital mineral that plays a central role in the production of thyroid hormones. These hormones are synthesized in the thyroid gland and are crucial, especially during pregnancy and early childhood development. Iodine deficiency leads to hypothyroidism, while excess can cause hyperthyroidism.
Iodine and Thyroid Health
Hypothyroidism is common globally, especially in regions with iodine-deficient soil and low access to seafood.
In Azerbaijan, the use of iodized salt has significantly reduced iodine deficiency, though some cases still occur.
Symptoms of iodine deficiency (hypothyroidism):
Fatigue and weakness
Memory issues
Dry skin
Hair thinning and hair loss
Slow heart rate
Sensitivity to cold
Weight gain
Menstrual irregularities
Hyperthyroidism and Excess Iodine
More common in women and often related to autoimmune diseases.
Excess iodine intake or uncontrolled supplement use can cause thyroid overactivity.
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism:
Bulging eyes
Weight loss despite increased appetite
Causes: Graves’ disease, thyroid cancer, genetic predisposition, infections, or overuse of iodine-containing drugs.
In both conditions, it’s important to consult an endocrinologist at the first signs.
Why Iodine Matters for the Body
Iodine is essential for:
Proper thyroid function
Metabolism and energy production
Because the body cannot produce iodine, it must be obtained through diet. Both deficiency and excess can disrupt thyroid function and overall health.
Symptoms of Iodine Deficiency:
Persistent fatigue
Poor memory and concentration
Cold intolerance
Slow metabolism and weight gain
Hair loss and dry skin
Slow heart rate
Hormonal imbalances and menstrual issues
Goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)
Excess Iodine: Warning Signs
Bulging or protruding eyes
Sudden weight loss
Seek medical advice if any of these symptoms appear.
Top Food Sources of Iodine
To maintain proper iodine balance, a varied and balanced diet is essential. The best iodine sources include:
Seafood: Seaweed, tuna, cod, sardines
Dairy and eggs: Milk, yogurt, cheese, egg yolks
Iodized salt: Recommended for daily use to prevent deficiency
Nuts and seeds: Walnuts, almonds, sunflower and pumpkin seeds
Vegetables and legumes: Potatoes, spinach, lentils, beans
Whole grains: Oats, rice, whole wheat bread
Meat and poultry: Beef and chicken
Increased body temperature and sweating
Rapid pulse
Tremors, restlessness, and insomnia
Anxiety or emotional instability
Nervous system regulation
Fetal brain development during pregnancy
Immune function and skin health
Heavy sweating
Rapid heartbeat
Sleep disturbances
Tremors
Anxiety and irritability
Missed or irregular periods